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CANINE CARE FOR INTERNATIONAL DEPLOYMENTS
MEDICAL
SUPPORT TEAM

MEDICAL SUPPORT
TEAM
Introduction
This paper outlines the roles and responsibilities of the Medical Support Team
and dog handlers (MST) with regard to the team’s canine contingent. It is
essential that the search dogs receive the best possible care during their
deployment, thus special provision must be made for their welfare.
The paper outlines responsibilities for the MST and handlers both before and
during the deployment. It also lists veterinary surgeries which have offered to
provide remote support, and a list of recommended medications for the canine
team.
PRIOR TO MOBILISATION
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The MST will
ensure that a supply of suitable medications and medical devices (Appendix1)
is made available in line with the requirements for the human contingent
(MST006).
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The MST members
will attend an approved canine first aid course. The content of this course
will be defined by appropriate veterinary advisors. (Appendix 2). At least
one veterinary trained MST member must be deployed on all missions. |
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Dog handlers will
attend an approved canine first aid course.(Appendix 2).
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The MST will
liaise with veterinary advisors to establish lines of communication.
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Dog handlers will
ensure that all necessary paperwork and ‘passports’ are maintained and are
an accurate record.
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Dog handlers will
ensure that they have an accurate measurement of their dogs weight in
kilogrammes. |
UPON MOBILISATION
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At the departure
point all canines must have a veterinary check prior to departure.
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Veterinary checks
will be carried out by a nominated MST member to confirm that the canine is
fit for operational deployment and the relevant documentation is correct,
before boarding the aircraft. |
DURING DEPLOYMENT
WELFARE
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Each canine must
have a daily health check carried out by an appointed MST member during the
duration of the deployment. A written record will be maintained by the
medical officer. |
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All canines must
be under control at all times and predetermined areas must be selected for
loose exercising when overseas, to reduce the risk of coming into contact
with local animals, especially other canines. |
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Canine sleeping
quarters must be safe and secure to prevent the canine from being loose when
a competent person is not present. The positioning of the canine sleeping
quarters must allow the canine, total undisturbed rest from other rescue
workers operations. |
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Whilst
operationally deployed either in the UK or overseas, a competent team member
must be handling or monitoring the canine/s at any one time, if the canines
are not securely kennelled. |
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Canines must be
exercised at least a minimum of 3 times per day if kennelled in air portable
kennel systems when not working.
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When temperatures
are excessive the canine/s must be kept in a shaded area and monitored
constantly by a competent team member to prevent possible heat stroke /
exhaustion. |
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Clean drinking
water must be available to the canine at all times in the base camp area and
offered to the canine at regular intervals during taskings. |
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Canine feeding,
The following considerations need to be taken in to account when feeding
canines on deployment: |
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Feeding times should be considered before long journeys i.e. feed well in
advance or feed once the journey has been completed. This will help prevent the
canines becoming sick and travelling on a full stomach
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Consider spilt feeds for canines when working in the operational area
(morning / evening feed). This will allow the canine to spread their meal
throughout the day, and help assist the dog being deployed on a search operation
with a full stomach of food
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Handlers will need to monitor and if necessary, increase their canines
food rations due to the hostile environment that they are working in and the
increased work load that the canines will be encountering.
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All canines should have a rest period of at least 30 minutes before
exercise / work takes place to prevent a ‘twisted stomach’.
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The handler must ensure their canine is physically ready for
search operations either day or night during a deployment. This must be carried
out by the correct nutrition, water intake, rest, and stress control techniques.
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Ensure the canines
have an opportunity to relieve themselves prior to: |
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Commencing work.
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Before and immediately after long journeys, and if possible during these
journeys as well.
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All canine faeces
must be picked up and disposed of correctly in the designated area for waste
disposal. Canines must not be permitted to urinate or defecate within the
clean base camp areas and should where possible do so in an area designated
for this purpose. |
TASKING
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A suitable and
sufficient risk assessment must be carried out by the handler to ascertain
the safety and welfare of the canine at all times; e.g. to establish whether
protective canine boots are needed for the risk area to minimise the
potential injury to the canine’s feet. |
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When working in an
operational role for more than 18hrs the handler must make sure that the
canine receives at least six hours undisturbed rest in every 24 hour
period. |
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The handler also
has the responsibility to monitor at all times and make sure that their
canine receives adequate rest periods during work tasks to prevent fatigue,
stress to the canine. |
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The handler must
always carry their day pack, which includes a first aid pack on any
operational task, and when they are away from their base location. |
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Canines must be
cleaned and washed down if needed on return from an operational task, if
they are contaminated from the environment that they have been working in.
(Appendix 4) |
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Handlers must
carry out a full check on their canine after each operational tasking. |
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On completion of
each working period (search) individual canines are to be thoroughly checked
for injury by carrying out a full body canine check. This should initially
be carried out by the handler. The handler will maintain a record of said
checks. An appointed MST clinical may also carry out such checks as required
and may be called upon for a second opinion by handlers if required. |
VETERINARY/MEDICAL CARE
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The duty MST
clinician will ensure that canine welfare is checked at least twice a day,
in line with the human welfare check process. |
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All injuries,
fatigue, or illness to the handler or canine must be reported immediately to
the duty MST clinician (Delta Tango), UKISARG Team Leader and SAR Canine
coordinator. |
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Any
’medical/surgical decisions’ regarding the care of the canines will be
agreed with the MST clinician responsible and the handler. |
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If required and
available additional veterinary advice will be sought from veterinary
advisors in the UK. A list of volunteers is attached as Appendix 3. |
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In the event that
euthanasia is considered for a canine, this decision will be made in
conjunction with the MST clinician, handler, canine team leader and the
UKISARG team leader. The handlers wishes will be paramount. |
AFTER
DEPLOYMENT
 | After the deployment the handler
and if required relevant MST clinicians will liaise with veterinary officers
at the quarantine kennels or the handlers appointed veterinary surgeon as
required, to hand over any relevant medical information or records. |
APPENDIX
ONE
This list details such drugs as might be
required for a canine deployment in hostile environments. It is not exhaustive
and is subject to change.
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Controlled Drug |
Canine Dosing |
Notes |
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Diazepam |
2 mg/kg IV |
Seizures: 2.5 mg IV small animal, 5 mg
IV large |
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Euthanasia Solution |
1 ml/10 # IV |
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Fentanyl |
0.004-0.01 mg/kg IV |
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Ketamine |
5-10 mg/kg IV |
Do not use alone (often used with
Diazepam) |
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Midazolam |
0.15-0.3 mg/kg IV,IM |
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Morphine |
0.5-2 mg/kg IM,SC |
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Naloxone |
0.002-0.20 mg/kg IV,IM |
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Succinylcholine |
0.1-0.2 mg/kg IV |
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Vecuronium |
0.1 mg/kg IV |
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Injectable Drug |
Canine Dosing |
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Acepromazine |
.05-.1 mg/kgIV,IM,SC |
Do not exceed 3 mg |
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Aminophylline |
5-10 mg/kg IV,IM |
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Atropine |
.02-.04 IV (bradycardia) |
0.2-2.0 mg/kg IM, SC anticholinergic |
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Bupivacaine 0.5% |
Local 10-20 ml (50-100 mg) |
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Cephazolin |
20 mg/kg IV,IM TID |
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Dexamethasone |
0.1-0.5 mg/kg IV inflammation |
4-6 mg/kg IV GDV endotoxaemia,
shock(?), |
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Dextrose |
0.25-0.5 mg/kg IV |
Dilute to 10% solution, can also give
PO |
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Diphenhydramine |
1-2 mg/kg IM |
IV route can cause acute hypotension |
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Adrenaline 1:10,000 |
0.1 ml/kg IV, 0.2-0.4 ml/kg IT |
Cardiac resusc; 0.1-0.2 mg/kg IV
anaphylaxis |
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Furosemide |
2.2-4.4 mg/kg IV, IM |
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Heparin |
coat saline syringe |
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Lidocaine 1% |
2-4 mg/kg IV over 2 min |
PVCs, repeatable up to 9 mg/kg total
dose |
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Methyl Prednisone |
30-35 mg/kg |
Benefit questionable in spinal cord
trauma |
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Prednisone Na Succ |
5-10 mg/kg IV shock |
Benefit questionable in shock
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Sodium Bicarbonate |
1 mEq/kg IV for
Met. Acidosis |
Rarely used, may exacerbate cellular
acidosis |
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Sodium Chloride .9% |
90 ml/kg IV shock |
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Vitamin K1 |
2.5, 1-5 mg/kg SC |
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Water for Injection |
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Oral Meds |
Canine Dosing |
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Apomorphine |
0.25 mg/kg Conjunctival Sac |
Injectable form: 0.04 mg/kg IV, 0.08
mg/kg IM |
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Azithromycin |
5-10 mg/kg once daily PO |
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Cephalexin (Keflex) |
22 mg/kg BID-TID PO |
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Co-Amoxiclav |
11-22 mg/kg BID-TID PO |
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Diphenhydramine |
2-4 mg/kg BID-TID PO |
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Doxycycline |
5 mg/kg BID PO |
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Enrofloxacin |
2.5-15 mg/kg BID PO |
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Hydrogen Peroxide |
1 tsp/30# up to 3X PO |
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Imodium (loperimide) |
0.08 mg/kg PO TID |
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Kaopectate |
0.5-1 tsp/5 pounds |
Max 2 Tablespoons TID |
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Metronidazole |
15-30 mg/kg BID-TID PO |
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Rimadyl (Carprofen) |
2 mg/kg BID PO |
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Omeprazole (Prilosec) |
0.5-1 mg/kg once/day PO |
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PeptoBismol |
0.5-1 ml/pound |
Max 30 ml TID |
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Prednisone |
0.5-1mg/kg per day PO |
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Ranitidine |
0.5-2 mg/kg BID PO |
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Syrup of Ipecac |
1 tsp/10# once PO |
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Tramadol |
1-2 mg/kg BID PO |
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APPENDIX
TWO
Outline training programme for handlers
and MST members. Sessions will be both theoretical and practical, with the
proportion of practical and scenario-based training increasing through the 5
days.
Objectives
The aim of the course is to train Dog
Handlers and MST staff in the following canine disciplines:
trauma care
common ailments
first aid methods
infectious and
contagious diseases
signs of health
medications and
their administration
Day 1
Handlers
Introduction1
Behaviour and safety: handling injured dogs
Basic anatomy 1 h): terminology
Recognising normal:behavioural and physiological indicators
of good health
Before you go: preventative health care
Clinical examination 1(h): vital signs
Day 2
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Handlers |
MST staff |
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Introduction 2 |
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Day 1 revision |
Behaviour and safety: handling injured
dogs |
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Basic anatomy 2: the musculoskeletal
and circulatory systems |
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Clinical examination 2: physical
examination |
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Trauma 1: wounds |
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Trauma 2: bone and joint injuries
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Day 3
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Handlers |
MST staff |
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Revision: days 1 and 2 |
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Basic Anatomy 3: the digestive and
nervous systems |
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Trauma 3: shock -recognition & first
aid |
Trauma 3: shock -recognition &
treatment |
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Illness 1: infectious and contagious
diseases |
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Illness 2: heat and exercise related
illness |
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Drugs 1(h): basic pharmacology
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Drugs 1(s): comparative pharmacology
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Drugs 2: administration |
Day 4
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Handlers |
MST staff |
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Revision: days 1-3 |
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Clinical records and communication
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Illness 3: preventing gastrointestinal
disease |
Drugs 3: emergency anaesthesia &
euthanasia |
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Illness 4: gastrointestinal diseases
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Assisting with Surgical Procedures
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Emergency surgical procedures
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Day
5
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Handlers |
MST staff |
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Revision: days 1-4 |
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Scenario based training |
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Open forum |
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Conclusion |
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APPENDIX
THREE
Contact Details for specialist advice
with regard to veterinary issues, whilst being deployed overseas:
1.
John Chitty
Strathmore Veterinary Clinic
6 London Road
Andover
Hants
SP10 2PH
Telephone 01264 352323
Mobile: 07775796432
2.
Crescent
Veterinary Clinic
MF Kavanagh & P Mc Naught
The Crescent
Melton Mowbray
Leicestershire
LE13 0NF
Telephone 01664 567724 ~ 562142 (24hr)
3.
Mr Dudley
Watson BSc, B Vet Med, MRCVS,
Bishops Court Veterinary Surgery,
343 Springfield Rd,
Chelmsford,
Essex,
CM2 6AN.
Tel: 01245 252276
4.
Mr George
Hauptfleisch
Eagle Vets
58-60 High St
Minster, Nr Ramsgate
Kent
CT12 4AB
01843 825999
5.
Oathall
Veterinary Group
30 Oathall Road
Haywards Heath
West Sussex
RH16 3EQ
01444 440224
6.
Dave Walker
Ark Veterinary Surgery
83 Town Lane
Mobberley
Cheshire
WA16 7HH
01565 872035
APPENDIX FOUR
Basic Canine Decontamination Method
General considerations:
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Consult Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
if available.
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Seek HAZMAT information from UK sources
if chemical contamination is considered likely and chemical can be
identified.
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High volume, low pressure water
augmented by soap is the recommendation for physical removal of the HAZMAT:
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CAUTION: some chemicals become reactive
when exposed to water.
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Carry out Rinse-wash-rinse cycle 3
times for maximum benefit, using lukewarm water and standard household dish
soap (Dawn ®, Palmolive ®). Using neutral pH shampoo is an option, however
these are not as effective as the higher pH soaps in neutralizing many
chemical agents.
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The soap’s high pH begins to neutralize
many chemical agents and dissolve petroleum agents.
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Thick caked on contamination may be
broken down with mechanics’ hand wash products (e.g.Swarfega®), mineral oil,
or can scraped off with a putty knife. |
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Use scissors with caution so as not to
lacerate the canine. Clippers are not recommended.
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Protect eyes and ears from further
contamination from the decontamination solutions (high pH soap, diluted
bleach, military decontamination kits).
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Petroleum-based eye ointment may absorb
some agents and worsen corneal damage; they should not be used until
decontamination of the eyes is completed using copious amounts of ophthalmic
saline solution.
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Moist towels may be used to wipe the
facial area (eyes, nose, mouth, and in the ears) where washing is difficult
and problematic with many canines. These should be non-alcohol based (baby
wipes) for areas around mucous membrane sites.
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Alternative methods can be used for
decontamination when chemicals whose effect is worsened by exposure to water
are suspected. Baking soda or flour can be applied, then brushed or combed
out. Physical removal alone by brushing or combing off is also effective for
dry contamination.
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Special care and attention should be
directed to making sure the paws have been adequately decontaminated. The
deep-crevassed pad edges can trap particles.
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Ideally, the animals should be washed
on a grate with drainage spaces that will not catch a nail or toe, suspended
above the containment pool for contaminated water.
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Once finished, confine the canine to a
collection area, away from any contaminated run-off, and use a dryer if
available in cold environments or where wind chill would pose a hypothermia
hazard. |
Canine
Decontamination Steps
1: Assessment
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A medical assessment to check the
canine for health issues that warrant true emergency decontamination should
be carried out at the first possible opportunity.
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If stable, ‘emergency decontamination’
can be repeated until the contaminant is judged to be removed.
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Handlers should accompany the canine
through decontamination processes if possible.
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If this is not possible, another
experienced handler may do so or if no handler is available and canine
cannot be safely decontaminated without a handler, confine to contain
contamination.
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If medical attention is needed,
sedation may be indicated. Assessment by qualified personnel for appropriate
drug and dosing is necessary. |
2: Preparation
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Remove all equipment and gear from the
canine and place in HAZMAT container until cleansed, deemed safe, or
disposed.
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A clean collar and lead must be placed
on the canine. A muzzle should be considered to prevent licking, drinking
wash water, or bite prevention.
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Maintain control so as not to spread
contaminants to clean areas Personnel assisting should have proper PPE to
prevent being contaminated themselves (eye protection, gloves, Tyvek ® or
similar bodysuit) |
3: Rinse-Wash Method
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Thoroughly rinse the canine from behind
the ears, down the back of the neck, from top of the back downward to the
paws.
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Cleanse the head and face with moist
towels, gauze pads, clean warm water and use Ophthalmic saline rinse for the
eyes.
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Follow with a soap wash and soft scrub
in the same manner as the rinse, paying special attention to the paw pads
with a soft scrub brush.
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Rinse thoroughly and repeat wash-rinse
2 more times.
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Where possible use an enclosure to
limit the inevitable shaking off of water, otherwise any surrounding
personnel should be protected.
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Once eyes have been thoroughly flushed,
ophthalmic solution may be applied to the dog’s eyes. A solution is
preferred as ointment may interfere with a fluorescein dye check by medical
personnel for corneal damage. |
4:
Monitor and return to Service
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Monitor for contamination.
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Repeat decontamination process if
necessary, otherwise dry off the canine, especially if hypothermia is a
risk.
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Replace all leashes and collars.
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If problems are identified, veterinary
examination is essential with treatment thereafter as required. |
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