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CANINE CARE FOR INTERNATIONAL DEPLOYMENTS

 MEDICAL SUPPORT TEAM

 

MEDICAL SUPPORT TEAM

Introduction

This paper outlines the roles and responsibilities of the Medical Support Team and dog handlers (MST) with regard to the team’s canine contingent. It is essential that the search dogs receive the best possible care during their deployment, thus special provision must be made for their welfare.

The paper outlines responsibilities for the MST and handlers both before and during the deployment. It also lists veterinary surgeries which have offered to provide remote support, and a list of recommended medications for the canine team.

PRIOR TO MOBILISATION

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The MST will ensure that a supply of suitable medications and medical devices (Appendix1) is made available in line with the requirements for the human contingent (MST006).
 

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The MST members will attend an approved canine first aid course. The content of this course will be defined by appropriate veterinary advisors. (Appendix 2). At least one veterinary trained MST member must be deployed on all missions.

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Dog handlers will attend an approved canine first aid course.(Appendix 2).
 

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The MST will liaise with veterinary advisors to establish lines of communication.
 

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Dog handlers will ensure that all necessary paperwork and ‘passports’ are maintained and are an accurate record.
 

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Dog handlers will ensure that they have an accurate measurement of their dogs weight in kilogrammes.

 UPON MOBILISATION

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At the departure point all canines must have a veterinary check prior to departure.
 

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Veterinary checks will be carried out by a nominated MST member to confirm that the canine is fit for operational deployment and the relevant documentation is correct, before boarding the aircraft.

 DURING DEPLOYMENT

 WELFARE

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Each canine must have a daily health check carried out by an appointed MST member during the duration of the deployment.  A written record will be maintained by the medical officer.

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All canines must be under control at all times and predetermined areas must be selected for loose exercising when overseas, to reduce the risk of coming into contact with local animals, especially other canines.

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Canine sleeping quarters must be safe and secure to prevent the canine from being loose when a competent person is not present.  The positioning of the canine sleeping quarters must allow the canine, total undisturbed rest from other rescue workers operations.

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Whilst operationally deployed either in the UK or overseas, a competent team member must be handling or monitoring the canine/s at any one time, if the canines are not securely kennelled.

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Canines must be exercised at least a minimum of 3 times per day if kennelled in air portable kennel systems when not working.
 

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When temperatures are excessive the canine/s must be kept in a shaded area and monitored constantly by a competent team member to prevent possible heat stroke / exhaustion.

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Clean drinking water must be available to the canine at all times in the base camp area and offered to the canine at regular intervals during taskings.

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Canine feeding, The following considerations need to be taken in to account when feeding canines on deployment:

-          Feeding times should be considered before long journeys i.e. feed well in advance or feed once the journey has been completed.  This will help prevent the canines becoming sick and travelling on a full stomach

-          Consider spilt feeds for canines when working in the operational area (morning / evening feed).  This will allow the canine to spread their meal throughout the day, and help assist the dog being deployed on a search operation with a full stomach of food

-          Handlers will need to monitor and if necessary, increase their canines food rations due to the hostile environment that they are working in and the increased work load that the canines will be encountering.

-          All canines should have a rest period of at least 30 minutes before exercise / work takes place to prevent a ‘twisted stomach’.

-          The handler must ensure their canine is physically ready for search operations either day or night during a deployment.  This must be carried out by the correct nutrition, water intake, rest, and stress control techniques.

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Ensure the canines have an opportunity to relieve themselves prior to:

-          Commencing work.

-          Before and immediately after long journeys, and if possible during these journeys as well.

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All canine faeces must be picked up and disposed of correctly in the designated area for waste disposal. Canines must not be permitted to urinate or defecate within the clean base camp areas and should where possible do so in an area designated for this purpose.

 TASKING

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A suitable and sufficient risk assessment must be carried out by the handler to ascertain the safety and welfare of the canine at all times; e.g. to establish whether protective canine boots are needed for the risk area to minimise the potential injury to the canine’s feet.

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When working in an operational role for more than 18hrs the handler must make sure that the canine receives at least six hours undisturbed rest in every 24 hour period. 

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The handler also has the responsibility to monitor at all times and make sure that their canine receives adequate rest periods during work tasks to prevent fatigue, stress to the canine.

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The handler must always carry their day pack, which includes a first aid pack on any operational task, and when they are away from their base location.

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Canines must be cleaned and washed down if needed on return from an operational task, if they are contaminated from the environment that they have been working in. (Appendix 4)

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Handlers must carry out a full check on their canine after each operational tasking.

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On completion of each working period (search) individual canines are to be thoroughly checked for injury by carrying out a full body canine check. This should initially be carried out by the handler. The handler will maintain a record of said checks. An appointed MST clinical may also carry out such checks as required and may be called upon for a second opinion by handlers if required.

 VETERINARY/MEDICAL CARE

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The duty MST clinician will ensure that canine welfare is checked at least twice a day, in line with the human welfare check process.

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All injuries, fatigue, or illness to the handler or canine must be reported immediately to the duty MST clinician (Delta Tango), UKISARG Team Leader and SAR Canine coordinator.

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Any ’medical/surgical decisions’ regarding the care of the canines will be agreed with the MST clinician responsible and the handler.

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If required and available additional veterinary advice will be sought from veterinary advisors in the UK. A list of volunteers is attached as Appendix 3.

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In the event that euthanasia is considered for a canine, this decision will be made in conjunction with the MST clinician, handler, canine team leader and the UKISARG team leader. The handlers wishes will be paramount.

 AFTER DEPLOYMENT 

bulletAfter the deployment the handler and if required relevant MST clinicians will liaise with veterinary officers at the quarantine kennels or the handlers appointed veterinary surgeon as required, to hand over any relevant medical information or records.

 APPENDIX ONE 

This list details such drugs as might be required for a canine deployment in hostile environments. It is not exhaustive and is subject to change.

 

Controlled Drug

Canine Dosing

Notes

 

 

 

Diazepam

2 mg/kg IV

Seizures: 2.5 mg IV small animal, 5 mg IV large

Euthanasia Solution

1 ml/10 # IV

 

Fentanyl

0.004-0.01 mg/kg IV

 

Ketamine

5-10 mg/kg IV

Do not use alone (often used with Diazepam)

Midazolam

0.15-0.3 mg/kg IV,IM

 

Morphine

0.5-2 mg/kg IM,SC

 

Naloxone

0.002-0.20 mg/kg IV,IM

 

Succinylcholine

0.1-0.2 mg/kg IV

 

Vecuronium

0.1 mg/kg IV

 

Injectable Drug

Canine Dosing

 

Acepromazine

.05-.1 mg/kgIV,IM,SC

Do not exceed 3 mg

Aminophylline

5-10 mg/kg IV,IM

 

Atropine

.02-.04 IV (bradycardia)

0.2-2.0 mg/kg IM, SC anticholinergic

Bupivacaine 0.5%

Local 10-20 ml (50-100 mg)

 

Cephazolin

20 mg/kg IV,IM TID

 

Dexamethasone

0.1-0.5 mg/kg IV inflammation

4-6 mg/kg IV GDV endotoxaemia, shock(?),

Dextrose

0.25-0.5 mg/kg IV

Dilute to 10% solution, can also give PO

Diphenhydramine

1-2 mg/kg IM

IV route can cause acute hypotension

Adrenaline 1:10,000

0.1 ml/kg IV, 0.2-0.4 ml/kg IT

Cardiac resusc; 0.1-0.2 mg/kg IV anaphylaxis

Furosemide

2.2-4.4 mg/kg IV, IM

 

Heparin

coat saline syringe

 

Lidocaine 1%

2-4 mg/kg IV over 2 min

PVCs, repeatable up to 9 mg/kg total dose

Methyl Prednisone

30-35 mg/kg

Benefit questionable in spinal cord trauma

Prednisone Na Succ

5-10 mg/kg IV shock

Benefit questionable in shock

Sodium Bicarbonate

1 mEq/kg IV for Met. Acidosis

Rarely used, may exacerbate cellular acidosis

Sodium Chloride .9%

90 ml/kg IV shock

 

Vitamin K1

2.5, 1-5 mg/kg SC

 

Water for Injection

 

 

Oral Meds

Canine Dosing

 

Apomorphine

0.25 mg/kg Conjunctival Sac

Injectable form: 0.04 mg/kg IV, 0.08 mg/kg IM

Azithromycin

5-10 mg/kg once daily PO

 

Cephalexin (Keflex)

22 mg/kg BID-TID PO

 

Co-Amoxiclav

11-22 mg/kg BID-TID PO

 

Diphenhydramine

2-4 mg/kg BID-TID PO

 

Doxycycline

5 mg/kg BID PO

 

Enrofloxacin

2.5-15 mg/kg BID PO

 

Hydrogen Peroxide

1 tsp/30# up to 3X PO

 

Imodium (loperimide)

0.08 mg/kg PO TID

 

Kaopectate

0.5-1 tsp/5 pounds

Max 2 Tablespoons TID

Metronidazole

15-30 mg/kg BID-TID PO

 

Rimadyl (Carprofen)

2 mg/kg BID PO

 

Omeprazole (Prilosec)

0.5-1 mg/kg once/day PO

 

PeptoBismol

0.5-1 ml/pound

Max 30 ml TID

Prednisone

0.5-1mg/kg per day PO

 

Ranitidine

0.5-2 mg/kg BID PO

 

Syrup of Ipecac

1 tsp/10# once PO

 

Tramadol

1-2 mg/kg BID PO

 

 APPENDIX TWO

Outline training programme for handlers and MST members. Sessions will be both theoretical and practical, with the proportion of practical and scenario-based training increasing through the 5 days.

 Objectives

The aim of the course is to train Dog Handlers and MST staff in the following canine disciplines:

                        trauma care

                        common ailments

                        first aid methods

                        infectious and contagious diseases

                        signs of health

                        medications and their administration

 

Day 1

Handlers

Introduction1

Behaviour and safety: handling injured dogs

Basic anatomy 1 h): terminology

Recognising normal:behavioural and physiological indicators of good health

Before you go: preventative health care

Clinical examination 1(h): vital signs

Day 2

Handlers

MST staff

Introduction 2

Day 1 revision

Behaviour and safety: handling injured dogs

Basic anatomy 2: the musculoskeletal and circulatory systems

Clinical examination 2: physical examination

Trauma 1: wounds

Trauma 2: bone and joint injuries

 Day 3

Handlers

MST staff

Revision: days 1 and 2

Basic Anatomy 3: the digestive and nervous systems

Trauma 3: shock -recognition & first aid

Trauma 3: shock -recognition & treatment

Illness 1: infectious and contagious diseases

Illness 2: heat and exercise related illness

Drugs 1(h): basic pharmacology

Drugs 1(s): comparative pharmacology

Drugs 2: administration

 Day 4

Handlers

MST staff

Revision: days 1-3

 

Clinical records and communication

 

Illness 3: preventing gastrointestinal disease

Drugs 3: emergency anaesthesia & euthanasia

Illness 4: gastrointestinal diseases

 

Assisting with Surgical Procedures

Emergency surgical procedures

 Day 5

Handlers

MST staff

Revision: days 1-4

 

Scenario based training

 

Open forum

 

Conclusion

 

 APPENDIX THREE

 Contact Details for specialist advice with regard to veterinary issues, whilst being deployed overseas:

 

1.

John Chitty
Strathmore Veterinary Clinic
6 London Road
Andover
Hants
SP10 2PH
Telephone 01264 352323
Mobile: 07775796432

 

2.

Crescent Veterinary Clinic
MF Kavanagh & P Mc Naught
The Crescent
Melton Mowbray
Leicestershire
LE13 0NF
Telephone 01664 567724 ~ 562142 (24hr)

 3.

Mr Dudley Watson BSc, B Vet Med, MRCVS, 
Bishops Court Veterinary Surgery,
343 Springfield Rd,
Chelmsford,
Essex,
CM2 6AN.  
Tel: 01245 252276

 4.

Mr George Hauptfleisch
Eagle Vets
58-60 High St

Minster, Nr Ramsgate
Kent
CT12 4AB

01843 825999

 5.

Oathall Veterinary Group
30 Oathall Road
Haywards Heath
West Sussex
RH16 3EQ
01444 440224 

                        6.

Dave Walker
Ark Veterinary Surgery
83 Town Lane
Mobberley
Cheshire
WA16 7HH

01565 872035

APPENDIX FOUR 

Basic Canine Decontamination Method

General considerations:

bullet Consult Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) if available.
 
bullet Seek HAZMAT information from UK sources if chemical contamination is considered likely and chemical can be identified.
 
bullet High volume, low pressure water augmented by soap is the recommendation for physical removal of the HAZMAT:
 
bullet CAUTION: some chemicals become reactive when exposed to water.
 
bullet Carry out Rinse-wash-rinse cycle 3 times for maximum benefit, using lukewarm water and standard household dish soap (Dawn ®, Palmolive ®). Using neutral pH shampoo is an option, however these are not as effective as the higher pH soaps in neutralizing many chemical agents.
 
bullet The soap’s high pH begins to neutralize many chemical agents and dissolve petroleum agents.
 
bullet Thick caked on contamination may be broken down with mechanics’ hand wash products (e.g.Swarfega®), mineral oil, or can scraped off with a putty knife.
bullet Use scissors with caution so as not to lacerate the canine. Clippers are not recommended.
 
bullet Protect eyes and ears from further contamination from the decontamination solutions (high pH soap, diluted bleach, military decontamination kits).
 
bullet Petroleum-based eye ointment may absorb some agents and worsen corneal damage; they should not be used until decontamination of the eyes is completed using copious amounts of ophthalmic saline solution.
 
bullet Moist towels may be used to wipe the facial area (eyes, nose, mouth, and in the ears) where washing is difficult and problematic with many canines. These should be non-alcohol based (baby wipes) for areas around mucous membrane sites.
 
bullet Alternative methods can be used for decontamination when chemicals whose effect is worsened by exposure to water are suspected. Baking soda or flour can be applied, then brushed or combed out. Physical removal alone by brushing or combing off is also effective for dry contamination.
 
bullet Special care and attention should be directed to making sure the paws have been adequately decontaminated. The deep-crevassed pad edges can trap particles.
 
bullet Ideally, the animals should be washed on a grate with drainage spaces that will not catch a nail or toe, suspended above the containment pool for contaminated water.
 
bullet Once finished, confine the canine to a collection area, away from any contaminated run-off, and use a dryer if available in cold environments or where wind chill would pose a hypothermia hazard.

 Canine Decontamination Steps

 1: Assessment

bullet A medical assessment to check the canine for health issues that warrant true emergency decontamination should be carried out at the first possible opportunity.
 
bullet If stable, ‘emergency decontamination’ can be repeated until the contaminant is judged to be removed.
 
bullet Handlers should accompany the canine through decontamination processes if possible.
 
bullet If this is not possible, another experienced handler may do so or if no handler is available and canine cannot be safely decontaminated without a handler, confine to contain contamination.
 
bullet If medical attention is needed, sedation may be indicated. Assessment by qualified personnel for appropriate drug and dosing is necessary.

 2: Preparation

bullet Remove all equipment and gear from the canine and place in HAZMAT container until cleansed, deemed safe, or disposed.
 
bullet A clean collar and lead must be placed on the canine. A muzzle should be considered to prevent licking, drinking wash water, or bite prevention.
 
bullet Maintain control so as not to spread contaminants to clean areas Personnel assisting should have proper PPE to prevent being contaminated themselves (eye protection, gloves, Tyvek ® or similar bodysuit)

3: Rinse-Wash Method

bullet Thoroughly rinse the canine from behind the ears, down the back of the neck, from top of the back downward to the paws.
 
bullet Cleanse the head and face with moist towels, gauze pads, clean warm water and use Ophthalmic saline rinse for the eyes.
 
bullet Follow with a soap wash and soft scrub in the same manner as the rinse, paying special attention to the paw pads with a soft scrub brush.
 
bullet Rinse thoroughly and repeat wash-rinse 2 more times.
 
bullet Where possible use an enclosure to limit the inevitable shaking off of water, otherwise any surrounding personnel should be protected.
 
bullet Once eyes have been thoroughly flushed, ophthalmic solution may be applied to the dog’s eyes. A solution is preferred as ointment may interfere with a fluorescein dye check by medical personnel for corneal damage.

 4: Monitor and return to Service

bullet Monitor for contamination.
 
bullet Repeat decontamination process if necessary, otherwise dry off the canine, especially if hypothermia is a risk.
 
bullet Replace all leashes and collars.
 
bullet If problems are identified, veterinary examination is essential with treatment thereafter as required.

 

 

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